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Relationships Between Level and Change in Sarcopenia and Other Body Composition Components and Adverse Health Outcomes: Findings from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Holly Syddall

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Abstract

© 2020, The Author(s). We investigated how baseline values and rates of decline in components of sarcopenia and other body composition parameters relate to adverse clinical outcomes using the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. 2689 participants aged 70–79 years were studied. Appendicular lean mass, whole body fat mass, and total hip BMD were ascertained using DXA; muscle strength by grip dynamometry; and muscle function by gait speed. Baseline values and 2–3 year conditional changes (independent of baseline) in each characteristic were examined as predictors of mortality, hospital admission, low trauma fracture, and recurrent falls in the subsequent 10–14 years using Cox regression (generalized estimating equations used for recurrent falls) with adjustment for sex, ethnicity, age, and potential confounders. Lower levels and greater declines in all parameters (excluding hip BMD level) were associated (p < 0.05) with increased rates of mortality; fully-adjusted hazard ratios per SD lower gait speed and grip strength were 1.27 (95% CI 1.19, 1.36) and 1.14 (1.07, 1.21), respectively. Risk factors of hospital admission included lower levels and greater declines in gait speed and grip strength, and greater declines in hip BMD. Lower levels and greater declines in fat mass and hip BMD were associated with low trauma fracture. Lower gait speed, higher fat mass, and both lower levels and greater declines in grip strength were related to recurrent falls. Lower baseline levels and greater declines in musculoskeletal parameters were related to adverse outcomes. Interventions to maximize peak levels in earlier life and reduce rates of age-related decline may reduce the burden of disease in this age group.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Westbury LD, Syddall HE, Fuggle NR, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cauley JA, Shiroma EJ, Fielding RA, Newman AB, Cooper C

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Calcified Tissue International

Year: 2021

Volume: 108

Issue: 3

Pages: 302-313

Print publication date: 01/03/2021

Online publication date: 15/11/2020

Acceptance date: 27/10/2020

Date deposited: 11/09/2026

ISSN (print): 0171-967X

ISSN (electronic): 1432-0827

Publisher: Springer

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-020-00775-3

DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00775-3

PubMed id: 33191483

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