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Lookup NU author(s): Patryk Wojciak, Dr Neeraj Kumar, Dr Toby HallamORCiD, Dr Shayan SeyedinORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2026 The Author(s). Advanced Materials Technologies published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Soft wearable electronics leverage body-conforming materials for remote health monitoring, human–machine interfaces, and adaptive robotics. As these systems evolve, there is a growing demand for multifunctional materials that serve as piezoresistive strain sensors and maintain electrical connections under high strains—necessitating materials that are highly conductive and stretchable. However, existing materials do not meet the conductivity requirements for multifunctional use as stretchable electrodes and when used as piezoresistive sensors suffer from high drift and low electromechanical stability, leading to calibration loss and unreliable performance. This work presents a multifunctional composite that enables both stable piezoresistive strain sensing with minimal drift and stretchable electricity transmission. Composed of eutectic gallium–indium–tin liquid metal (LM) and polyurethane (PU), the PU/LM film offers excellent stretchability (∼400%), high electrical conductivity (∼3.4 × 103 S cm−1), low Young's modulus (∼16 MPa), minimal drift (∼−16%), and high cyclic stability at ∼350% strain. The applications of the PU/LM film as both a stretchable electrode for powering a mobile phone at up to 350% strain and a strain sensor for tracking dynamic finger bending angles (60–105°) are demonstrated. The PU/LM films offer a reliable soft multifunctional system for healthcare, assistive devices, and wearables.
Author(s): Wojciak P, Kumar N, Hallam T, Seyedin S
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Advanced Materials Technologies
Year: 2026
Pages: Epub ahead of print
Online publication date: 23/04/2026
Acceptance date: 19/04/2026
Date deposited: 06/05/2026
ISSN (print): 2365-709X
ISSN (electronic): 2365-709X
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202502659
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202502659
Data Access Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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