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The public health burden of diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease: twin epidemics

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Salman RazviORCiD

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Abstract

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus frequently occur together, with evidence showing higher rates of each condition in individuals affected by the other. Beyond their statistical association, emerging research indicates shared mechanisms involving autoimmunity, obesity, ageing and insulin resistance, which might explain their bidirectional relationship. This Review synthesises current evidence on these links, with a particular focus on how thyroid dysfunction influences glycaemic control and how anti-diabetic therapies affect thyroid function. Unlike earlier reviews, we frame thyroid disorders within the broader category of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), emphasising their public health relevance and the need for greater attention in global funding and policy agendas. By combining clinical insights with a population health perspective, this article aims to promote earlier detection, integrated management strategies and recognition of thyroid disease as a neglected NCD priority.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Razvi S

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Year: 2026

Volume: 22

Pages: 242-254

Print publication date: 01/04/2026

Online publication date: 08/01/2026

Acceptance date: 10/12/2025

ISSN (print): 1759-5029

ISSN (electronic): 1759-5037

URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-025-01226-5

DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01226-5

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