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Ability of matrix metalloproteinase-8 biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA immunoassays to differentiate between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis

Lookup NU author(s): Dr John TaylorORCiD, Professor Philip Preshaw, Dr Susan BissettORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Abstract

© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Periodontal Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of an MMP-8 biosensor assay in differentiating periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis and compare it with an established time-resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Background: Currently available antibody-based assays display a wide variability in their ability to accurately measure matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels in saliva. Methods: Salivary MMP-8 levels were analyzed in 189 systemically healthy participants using an antibody-based biosensor prototype that operates using a surface acoustic wave technology and compared with IFMA and ELISA antibody assays. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: periodontal health (59), gingivitis (63), and periodontitis (67). A sub-population of participants (n = 20) with periodontitis received periodontal treatment and were monitored for 6 months. Results: All the assays demonstrated significantly higher salivary MMP-8 concentrations in participants with periodontitis versus gingivitis, periodontitis versus health, and gingivitis versus health (all p <.05). The biosensor data demonstrated significant correlations with IFMA (r =.354, p <.001) and ELISA (r =.681, p <.001). Significant reductions in salivary MMP-8 concentrations were detected by the biosensor (p =.030) and IFMA (p =.002) in participants with periodontitis 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. IFMA had the best sensitivity (89.2%) for detecting periodontitis and gingivitis versus health and 96.6% for detecting periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. The biosensor had an AUC value of 0.81 and diagnostic accuracy of 74.2% for differentiating periodontitis and gingivitis from health; an AUC value of 0.86 and diagnostic accuracy of 82.8% for periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. Conclusions: The biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA assays differentiated between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis based on salivary MMP-8 levels. Only the biosensor and, particularly, IFMA identified an effect of periodontal treatment in the participants with periodontitis. Our findings support the potential utility of salivary oral fluid aMMP-8-based point-of-care technology in the future of periodontal diagnostics.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Umeizudike KA, Lahteenmaki H, Raisanen IT, Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Bissett SM, Tervahartiala T, Nwhator SO, Parnanen P, Sorsa T

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Periodontal Research

Year: 2022

Volume: 57

Issue: 3

Pages: 558-567

Print publication date: 01/06/2022

Online publication date: 19/03/2022

Acceptance date: 06/03/2022

Date deposited: 28/03/2022

ISSN (print): 0022-3484

ISSN (electronic): 1600-0765

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12985

DOI: 10.1111/jre.12985

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