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Brief formula low-energy-diet for relapse management during weight loss maintenance in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)

Lookup NU author(s): Alison Barnes, Professor Roy Taylor

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Abstract

© 2021 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.Background: Weight loss maintenance (WLM) is critical for sustaining type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission, but poorly evidenced. We evaluated brief return to formula low-energy-diet (LED) as relapse treatments (RTs) during the WLM phase of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Methods: This post-hoc evaluation included all participants commencing the WLM phase of DiRECT. The protocol offered RT when regain of >2 kg occurred. Results: In total, 123/149 (83%) DiRECT intervention participants commenced the WLM phase after 26 (17%) had withdrawn prior to the WLM phase. Most participants [99/123 (80%)] regained >2 kg during the WLM phase, among whom 60/99 (61%) were recorded as using RT and 39/99 (39%) not using any RT. At baseline, RT users had a higher mean (SD) body mass index [35.8 (4.9) kg m−2 vs. 33.8 (3.9) kg m−2, p = 0.0231] and had greater social deprivation (P = 0.0003) than non-users, although otherwise the groups were similar. Weight loss ≥ 2k g was achieved in 30/93 (32%) of RT attempts. At 2 years, those regaining >2 kg and using RT (n = 60) had mean (SD) weight losses of 7.4 (6.1) kg, with 25 (42%) remissions and 7 (12%) programme withdrawals. Those regaining >2 kg but not using RT (n = 39) had weight losses of 8.8 (6.0) kg, with 21 (54%) remissions and 4 (10%) programme withdrawals (all not significant). Twelve participants were never recorded as having regained >2 kg or using RTs and, at 2 years, their weight losses were 12.9 (9.2) kg, with 4 (33%) remissions and 8 (67%) programme withdrawals. Conclusions: Most people with T2D experience weight regain >2 kg during the 2 years after substantial weight loss with a LED. Only one-third of RTs corrected their 2-kg regain, resulting in similar weight losses, remissions and programme withdrawals at 2 years compared to those not using RTs; however, both groups had weight losses below those not recorded as regaining >2 kg during WLM.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Brosnahan N, Leslie W, McCombie L, Barnes A, Thom G, McConnachie A, Messow CM, Sattar N, Taylor R, Lean MEJ

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Year: 2021

Volume: 34

Issue: 3

Pages: 472-479

Print publication date: 01/06/2021

Online publication date: 06/01/2021

Acceptance date: 20/10/2020

ISSN (print): 0952-3871

ISSN (electronic): 1365-277X

Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12839

DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12839

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